Turkish View of Ambassadors
In the Ottoman Empire, ambassadors were often treated harshly, in ways very different from the respectful customs of ancient Rome
L32
Greater Security for Trade and Property
The special rule requiring written proof brought great safety to trade and to the estates of merchants. Before this protection,
Ragusa Seeks Ottoman Protection
Before the final fall of the Greek Empire, the leaders of Ragusa took an important political step. They sent ambassadors
The Rank Below the Grand Vizier
Next in authority after the Grand Vizier, also called the Vizier Azem or First Vizier, are the officials known as
The Dwarfs of the Ottoman Court
In the Ottoman court, there was another group of attendants besides the Pages and the Mutes. These were the Dwarfs,
Kara-Hajjan Visits the Grand Signior
Kara-Hajjan, the newly elected Aga of the Janizaries, went to the Seraglio to thank the Grand Signior for the honor
The Meaning of “Kul” in the Ottoman State
Servants of the Crown All those who receive wages from the imperial treasury, or who hold any office connected with
Artists of the Older School
Among the remaining artists of the older school, most can be described as conventional in style. They followed established rules
A New Stage in Bulgarian Art Exhibitions
The first exhibition of Bulgarian art, although modest and limited in scope, did not deserve the indifference with which it
Changes in Shipping During 1900–1904
During the period 1900–1904, Bulgarian maritime activity showed many important changes. Both the number of ships and their total tonnage