Imports from Switzerland into Bulgaria were highest during the first period, reaching nearly 1.0 million francs. During the second period, imports fell sharply to about 652,000 francs. In the third period, imports increased slightly to around 695,000 francs, but they did not reach the level of the first period.
Exports from Bulgaria to Switzerland were very small during the first two periods. They amounted to only 9,335 francs in the first period and 6,686 francs in the second period. However, during the last period, exports rose significantly to nearly 200,000 francs. This increase shows a growing demand for Bulgarian goods in Switzerland.
Total Trade and Balance
The total trade volume between Bulgaria and Switzerland was highest during the last period, when it reached about 895,000 francs. Despite the growth in exports, the balance of trade remained strongly in favor of imports throughout all three periods Guided Istanbul Tour.
During the first period, imports exceeded exports by 0.99 million francs, which represented over 99 percent of the total trade. In the second period, the deficit remained high at 0.64 million francs, or nearly 99 percent. In the last period, the deficit decreased to 0.49 million francs, or 71.24 percent, showing a slight improvement in Bulgaria’s trade position.
Main Articles Traded
Imports from Switzerland included textiles, machinery, instruments, industrial apparatus, preserves, and sweets.
Exports to Switzerland mainly consisted of eggs and prunes.
Trade Between Bulgaria and Holland
Imports and Exports
Imports from Holland into Bulgaria were lowest during the first two periods but increased sharply during the last period, reaching approximately 312,000 francs. This marked the highest level of imports from Holland over the fifteen years.
Exports from Bulgaria to Holland were modest in the first period at about 79,000 francs. They rose sharply during the second period to 567,000 francs, which was the highest export level recorded. In the last period, exports fell to around 282,000 francs.
Total Trade and Balance
Total trade between Bulgaria and Holland reached its highest level during the second period, with a value of approximately 628,000 francs. During this time, Bulgaria enjoyed a strong trade surplus.
The balance of trade favored exports only in the second period, when exports exceeded imports by 0.51 million francs, or more than 800 percent. In the first period, imports exceeded exports by a small amount of 0.01 million francs. In the last period, imports again exceeded exports by about 0.03 million francs.
Main Articles Traded
Imports from Holland included textiles, leather and leather goods, resins, mineral oils, and glue.
Exports to Holland consisted mainly of wheat, maize, colza, and barley.
In conclusion, Bulgaria’s trade with Switzerland remained dominated by imports, while trade with Holland showed more variation. The second period was especially favorable for Bulgarian exports to Holland, highlighting changing trade patterns in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.